Vygotsky conducted numerous studies on children and their thinking from the early 1920's until 1934. Vygotsky studied tasks that required adult assistance. During Vygotsky's research, he did acknowledge that biological factors do play a important role in their cognitive development. Children are also influenced by hereditary traits and their environment. The following are concepts and principles in Vygotsky's theory:
- Cognitive processes are seen in a variety of species, some are unique to the human beings.
- Adults help to convey how children interpret their culture and their world through formal schooling and informal conversations.
- Each culture passes along certain tools to their children that make their daily living more efficient and effective.
- During the first year of life, the thought and language become increasingly interdependent.
- Children internalize thoughts through their social interactions.
- Challenging tasks promotes maximal growth.
- Children can accomplish tasks that are more difficult when they have the assistance of ones that are more competent than them.
- Play allows children to learn about their environment (Ormrod, 2012).
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